{"id":3409,"date":"2023-06-02T10:53:17","date_gmt":"2023-06-02T10:53:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ijpsl.in\/?page_id=3409"},"modified":"2023-12-05T12:17:12","modified_gmt":"2023-12-05T12:17:12","slug":"volume-3-issue-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ijpsl.in\/index.php\/volume-3-issue-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume 3 &#8211;  Issue 3"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3409\" class=\"elementor elementor-3409\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b4566b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b4566b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a500eb\" data-id=\"4a500eb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8dcbbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b8dcbbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">VOLUME 3 - ISSUE 3<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ef67240 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ef67240\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-860f43d\" data-id=\"860f43d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7647b36 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7647b36\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8fa8ed7\" data-id=\"8fa8ed7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eae4982 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eae4982\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Disclaimer<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e69f690 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e69f690\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p>Neither International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law (IJPSL) nor its editors, publishers, owners or anyone else involved in creating, producing or delivering International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law (IJPSL) or the materials contained therein, assumes any liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information provided in International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law (IJPSL), nor shall they be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, consequential or punitive damages arising out of the use of International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law (IJPSL)or its contents. 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elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c863df\" data-id=\"1c863df\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-824c570 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-ipw\" data-id=\"824c570\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-ipw.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div data-post-id=\"3460\" class=\"insert-page insert-page-3460 \">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3460\" class=\"elementor elementor-3460\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5754b4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5754b4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c618d98\" data-id=\"c618d98\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1409df0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1409df0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Financial Investment by Women: Reluctance to Take Risks Into Investing Their Own Money\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2b276c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d2b276c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nitu Sharma<br>\nVolume 3, Issue 3 <br>\n31 May 2023<br>\nPage No.: 4083-4098<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da8477 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"9da8477\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<meta name=\"citation_title\" content=\"Financial Investment by Women: Reluctance to Take Risks Into Investing Their Own Money \">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_author\" content=\"Nitu Sharma\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_publication_date\" content=\"2023\/05\/31\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_journal_title\" content=\"International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_volume\" content=\u201c03\u201d>\r\n<meta name=\"citation_issue\" content=\u201c03\u201d>\r\n<meta name=\"citation_firstpage\" content=\"4083\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_lastpage\" content=\"4098\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_pdf_url\" content=\u201chttp:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Financial-Investment-by-Women-Reluctance-to-Take-Risks-Into-Investing-Their-Own-Money.pdf\u201d>\r\n<meta name=\"citation_issn\" content=\"2582-9203\">\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d99df72 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"d99df72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2281\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2281\"><a href=\"\">Abstract<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2282\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2282\"><a href=\"\">Authors<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2283\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2283\"><a href=\"\">References <\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2284\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2284\"><a href=\"\">Cite<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2285\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2285\"><a href=\"\">Full Text PDF<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2281\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2281\"><p class=\"p1\">This research paper aims to explore the perception of educated Indian working women regarding money investment and propose a solution based on the research findings to address this societal issue. To achieve this research objective, an online survey was conducted involving more than 100 educated working women. Additionally, a qualitative focus interview was conducted with five educated working women to gain deeper insights into their perception of money investment matters, considering emotional and cultural factors. The paper not only examines the perception of Indian women from emotional and cultural perspectives but also offers solutions to this issue. The study collected relevant data from research journals, articles, and online resources to support its findings.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2282\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2282\"><b>Nitu Sharma<\/b><br>\nHead Marketing, Iron Mountain, India<br><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\">References <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2283\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2283\"><p class=\"p1\">[1] CA, &amp; Dr. (n.d). Financial Literacy of Women and its Effect on Their Investment Choice Decision. Global Journal for Research Analysis. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldwidejournals.com\/global-journal-for-research-analysis-GJRA\/recent_issues_pdf\/2015\/July\/Jul\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.worldwidejournals.com\/global-journal-for-research-analysis-GJRA\/recent_issues_pdf\/2015\/July\/July_2015_1438321465__60.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p1\">[2] Dusseja, A. (2016). Women and Family Investments: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Management and Applied Science, 2(12), 88. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraj.in\/journal\/journal_file\/journal_pdf\/14-322-148490790886-88.pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">http:\/\/www.iraj.in\/journal\/journal_file\/journal_pdf\/14-322-148490790886-88.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p1\">[3] Fachrudin, Khaira &amp; Amalia Fachrudin, Khaira. (2016). The influence of education and experience toward investment decision with moderated by financial literacy. Polish Journal of Management Studies. <a href=\"https:\/\/bibliotekanauki.pl\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/bibliotekanauki.pl<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p1\">[4] Financial Service Sector, Indian Financial System &#8211; IBEF. (n.d.). India Brand Equity Foundation. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibef.org\/industry\/financial-services-india\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.ibef.org\/industry\/financial-services-india<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p1\">[5] Ganapathi, R., &amp; Madhavan, V. (2021). A Study on Investment Behaviour and Attitude of Women Investors of Bangalore, Karnataka. Asian Journal of Managerial Science, 10(1), 44\u201349. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51983\/ajms-2021.10.1.2818\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51983\/ajms-2021.10.1.2818<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p1\">[6] Guzior, B. (2018). Millennial women more financially savvy than they think. [online] Bizjournals.com [Accessed 20 Dec. 2018]. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/bizwomen\/news\/latestnews\/2018\/07\/millennial-women-more-financially-savvy-than-they.html\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/bizwomen\/news\/latestnews\/2018\/07\/millennial-women-more-financially-savvy-than-they.html<\/span><\/a><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\">[7] Indians are wise savers but poor investors: Survey. (n.d.). International Business Times. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.10738.56006\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.10738.56006<\/span><\/a><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\">[8] (n.d.). The Role of Working Women in Investment Decision Making in the Family in India. Research Gate. <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.uow.edu.au\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2020&amp;context=aabfj\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/ro.uow.edu.au\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2020&amp;context=aabfj<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p1\">[9] Nielsen.com. (2012). Newswire | Decoding Global Investment Attitudes | Nielsen. [online] [Accessed 20 Dec. 2018] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nielsen.com\/us\/en\/insights\/news\/2012\/decoding-globalinvestment-at\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.nielsen.com\/us\/en\/insights\/news\/2012\/decoding-globalinvestment-attitudes.html<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">[10] (2022, October 12). 59% working women do not make their own financial decisions: Survey, Mint. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/money\/personal\"><span class=\"s3\">https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/money\/personal-finance\/59-working-women-do-not-make-their-own-financial-decisions-survey-11665555051026.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\">[11] Padiyath, S. (2013). Less than 1\/4th of working women make own investment decisions: Study. [online]Business Standard [Accessed 18 Dec. 2018]. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessstandard.com\/article\/pf\/less-than-1-4th-of-working-women-make-own-investmentdecisions-study-113071700\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.businessstandard.com\/article\/pf\/less-than-1-4th-of-working-women-make-own-investmentdecisions-study-113071700584_1.html<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p1\">[12] Parveen Kumar. (n.d.). A Study on Financial Inclusion in India. Global International Research Thoughts. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/35920713\/A_Study_on_Financial_Inclusion_in_India\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/35920713\/A_Study_on_Financial_Inclusion_in_India<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p1\">[13] Statista. (2022, September 13). Participation at work in India 2014-2022, by gender. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1043300\/india-work-participation-by-gender\/\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1043300\/india-work-participation-by-gender\/<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p1\">[14] Tapasya Julka Malhotra, &amp; Shravasti Jain. (n.d.-b). Financial Awareness among Working Women: An Empirical Study. Amity Management Review. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amity.edu\/jaipur\/amr\/pdf\/jan-june-2017-vol6\/3.pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.amity.edu\/jaipur\/amr\/pdf\/jan-june-2017-vol6\/3.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p1\">[15] Vohra, Tina &amp; Kaur, Mandeep. (2017). Women Investors: A Literature Review. Metamorphosis: A Journal of Management Research. 16. 11-19. 10.1177\/0972622517706624.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2284\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2284\"><p class=\"p1\">Sharma N. (2023). Financial Investment by Women: Reluctance to Take Risks Into Investing Their Own Money.\u00a0International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law,\u00a03(3), 4083-4098.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Financial-Investment-by-Women-Reluctance-to-Take-Risks-Into-Investing-Their-Own-Money.pdf\">http:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Financial-Investment-by-Women-Reluctance-to-Take-Risks-Into-Investing-Their-Own-Money.pdf<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2285\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2285\"><p><a 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PDF<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b49e31f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b49e31f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2130d8d\" data-id=\"2130d8d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91a5c40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-ipw\" data-id=\"91a5c40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-ipw.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div data-post-id=\"3489\" class=\"insert-page insert-page-3489 \">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3489\" class=\"elementor elementor-3489\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-958f25f custom-content elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"958f25f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dbc6799\" data-id=\"dbc6799\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bae65be elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bae65be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A National Urban Employment Guarantee Act (NUEGA)\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b01313a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b01313a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shashwat Shukla<br>\nVolume 3, Issue 3 <br>\n31 May 2023<br>\nPage No.: 4099-4111\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f46949f elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"f46949f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<meta name=\"citation_title\" content=\"A National Urban Employment Guarantee Act (NUEGA)\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_author\" content=\"Shashwat Shukla\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_publication_date\" content=\"2023\/05\/31\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_journal_title\" content=\"International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_volume\" content=\u201c03\u201d>\r\n<meta name=\"citation_issue\" content=\u201c03\u201d>\r\n<meta name=\"citation_firstpage\" content=\"4099\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_lastpage\" content=\"4111\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_pdf_url\" content=\u201chttps:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/A-National-Urban-Employment-Guarantee-Act-NUEGA.pdf\u201d>\r\n<meta name=\"citation_issn\" content=\"2582-9203\">\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd53433 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dd53433\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\"><a href=\"\">Abstract<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\"><a href=\"\">Authors<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\"><a href=\"\">References <\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\"><a href=\"\">Cite<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\"><a href=\"\">Full Text PDF<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\"><p class=\"p1\">In order to tackle problems of job creation, skill-employment mismatch and food security in urban areas, an act called the National Urban Employment Guarantee Act (NUEGA) is proposed along the lines of MGNREGA. The act promises to convert unused and fallow government and private land to bring it under \u2018precision agriculture\u2019 which will employ various strategies like aquaponics, fertigation and scientific agricultural water management practices with a direct link to urban markets due to the lands being embedded into the metropolis areas. The employment will guarantee 150 days of work in urban agriculture to people who are registered as low-skill unemployed workers for 6 months or more on the NUEGA web portal or centres. All lands categorised as cultivable waste, urban fallow and lands under some private occupation but lying unused for 20 years or more shall be brought under NUEGA cultivation with proper compensation. One component of the agricultural produce shall be sold at MSP or higher in urban markets and the profits used to purchase farm inputs and pay NUEGA compensation at minimum wages. Alongside this, a separate component of skill training in mechanical operations of modern farm equipment and micro irrigation can be taken up to ensure upskilling of the workers so that they don\u2019t permanently rely on the NUEGA for employment.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\">Another component of the produce shall be kept aside for National Food Security Act-based supply for the urban poor. The produce shall thus also help ensure food security for the urban areas and job security for the urban poor. It will also help reduce land use wastage and to better manage the urban landscape. Similar cases from India and other countries shall be studied to examine the viability and use of this scheme. It also looks to provide choices for migrant workers and increase turnover rates to lift multiple people out of poverty over time. An attachment of Urban Agriculture and food security to the aim of job creation means that the results produced by the scheme aren\u2019t simply \u2018economic\u2019 in nature but \u2018embedded\u2019 (Gemici, 2007) into the social realities and prior skills that they bring to the urban area.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\"><b>Shashwat Shukla<\/b><br>\nM.A. Development Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai<br><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\">References <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\"><p class=\"p2\">[1] Altieri, M. A., Companioni, N., Ca\u00f1izares, K., Murphy, C., Rosset, P., Bourque, M., &amp; Nicholls, C. I. (1999). The greening of the \u201cbarrios\u201d: Urban agriculture for food security in Cuba. <i>Agriculture and Human Values<\/i>, <i>16<\/i>(2), 131\u2013140. <a href=\"https:\/\/do\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1007545304561<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">[2] APU. (2019). State of Working India 2019. In <i>Azim Premji University<\/i>. Azim Premji University. <a href=\"https:\/\/cse.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/SWI2019\"><span class=\"s3\">https:\/\/cse.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/SWI2019_Urban_Job_Guarantee.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[3] Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A Ladder Of Citizen Participation. 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Cultivating Refuge: The Role of Urban Agriculture Amongst Refugees and Forced Migrants in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. <i>International Journal of Design &amp;Amp; Nature and Ecodynamics<\/i>, <i>14<\/i>(2), 103\u2013118. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2495\/dne-v14-n2-103-118\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2495\/dne-v14-n2-103-118<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[28] UNDESA. (2019). <i>THE 17 GOALS | Sustainable Development<\/i>. <a href=\"https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[29] Usmani, G &amp; Ahmad, N. (2018). Health status in India: A study of urban slum and non-slum population. J Nurs Res Pract. ;2(1):09-14. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pulsus.com\/scholarly-articles\/phealth-status-in-india-a-study-of-urban-slum-and-nonslum-population\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.pulsus.com\/scholarly-articles\/phealth-status-in-india-a-study-of-urban-slum-and-nonslum-populationp-4137.html<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[30] What PFAL means to urban agriculture. &#8211; Free Online Library. (n.d.). Retrieved February 7, 2023, from <a href=\"%22h\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/What+PFAL+means+to+urban+agriculture.-a0323661041<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[31] WWF. (2013). <i>Havana urban farming<\/i>. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved February 3, 2023, from <a href=\"https:\/\/wwf.panda.org\/wwf_news\/?204427\/Havana-urban-farming\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/wwf.panda.org\/wwf_news\/?204427\/Havana-urban-farming<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[32] ZeeBiz. (2022, September 15). Indira Gandhi Urban Employment Guarantee Scheme: Age limit, remuneration and other details. <i>Zee Business<\/i>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zeebiz.com\/personal-finance\/news-indira-gandhi-urban-employment-guarantee-scheme-age-limit-remuneration-and-other-details-199169\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.zeebiz.com\/personal-finance\/news-indira-gandhi-urban-employment-guarantee-scheme-age-limit-remuneration-and-other-details-199169<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\"><p class=\"p1\">Shukla S. (2023). A National Urban Employment Guarantee Act (NUEGA).\u00a0International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law,\u00a03(3), 4099-4111.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/A-National-Urban-Employment-Guarantee-Act-NUEGA.pdf\">https:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/A-National-Urban-Employment-Guarantee-Act-NUEGA.pdf<\/a><span class=\"s1\"><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/A-National-Urban-Employment-Guarantee-Act-NUEGA.pdf \" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" 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class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2cb6100 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2cb6100\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31ed8bb\" data-id=\"31ed8bb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9138db1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9138db1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Women from the Periphery: Experiences of Women in Mumbai\u2019s Local Trains \n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f9a373 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3f9a373\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jina Maria<br>\nVolume 3, Issue 3 <br>\n31 May 2023<br>\nPage No.: 4112-4166<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90b15a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"90b15a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<meta name=\"citation_title\" content=\"Women from the Periphery: Experiences of Women in Mumbai\u2019s Local Trains\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_author\" content=\"Jina Maria\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_publication_date\" content=\"2023\/05\/31\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_journal_title\" content=\"International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_volume\" content=\u201c03\u201d>\r\n<meta name=\"citation_issue\" content=\u201c03\u201d>\r\n<meta name=\"citation_firstpage\" content=\"4112\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_lastpage\" content=\"4166\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_pdf_url\" content=\u201chttp:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Women-from-the-Periphery-Experiences-of-Women-in-Mumbais-Local-Trains.pdf\u201d>\r\n<meta name=\"citation_issn\" content=\"2582-9203\">\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dca7ba elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"7dca7ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1311\"><a href=\"\">Abstract<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1312\"><a href=\"\">Authors<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1313\"><a href=\"\">References <\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1314\"><a href=\"\">Cite<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1315\"><a href=\"\">Full Text PDF<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1311\"><p class=\"p1\">The centrality of Mumbai\u2019s Suburban Railway network or Mumbai Locals in the lives of the people of Mumbai has been a well-documented one. But the changing urban landscape due to globalization and neo-liberal policies of the State, along with a global pandemic has forced a rethinking of its centrality. In this context, this thesis aims to understand the experiences of women who live in the peripheral areas and commute for work or study to the city centres. It does so by examining what going out to work\/study entails for women\u2019s agency and well-being. It shows that the harrowing conditions in the Mumbai Locals complicate the question of whether going out to work necessarily improves the well-being and agency of women. On the other hand, it also shows the significance of the \u2018ladies\u2019 compartment\u2019 which represents a critical space of mobility for female Mumbaikars, as a space where women have quietly and collaboratively repurposed public infrastructure to meet their day-to-day needs.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1312\"><b>Jina Maria<\/b><br>\nM.A. Social Work (Women-Centred Practice), Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai<br>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\">References <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1313\"><p class=\"p1\">[1] ActionAid (2011) Women and the City: Examining the Gender Impact of Violence and Urbanisation. 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Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.livemint.com<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p1\">[40] Saha, D. (2015, December 24). 9 Die Every Day On Mumbai Local Train Tracks. IndiaSpend.<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s3\">[41] Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiaspend.com\"><span class=\"s4\">https:\/\/www.indiaspend.com<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\">[42] Sen, A. (2000). Development as freedom. <i>DEVELOPMENT IN PRACTICE-OXFORD-<\/i>, <i>10<\/i>(2), 258-258.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[43] Singh, D. P. (2010). Employment situation in Mumbai: An analysis. <i>Berlin, Germany<\/i>.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[44] Sonal Shah, Kalpana Viswanath, Sonali Vyas and Shreya Gadepalli (2017), Women and Transport in Indian Cities, ITDP and Safetipin, New Delhi<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[45] Tang, N. (2002). Interviewer and Interviewee Relationships Between Women. Sociology. 36.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[46] 703-721. 10.1177\/0038038502036003011.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1314\"><p class=\"p1\">Maria J. (2023). Women from the Periphery: Experiences of Women in Mumbai\u2019s Local Trains.\u00a0International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law,\u00a03(3), 4112-4166.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Women-from-the-Periphery-Experiences-of-Women-in-Mumbais-Local-Trains.pdf\">http:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Women-from-the-Periphery-Experiences-of-Women-in-Mumbais-Local-Trains.pdf<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1315\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Women-from-the-Periphery-Experiences-of-Women-in-Mumbais-Local-Trains.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img 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data-id=\"6e5ed11\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4534409\" data-id=\"4534409\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c3038e elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-ipw\" data-id=\"5c3038e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-ipw.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div data-post-id=\"4819\" class=\"insert-page insert-page-4819 \">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4819\" class=\"elementor elementor-4819\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2cb6100 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2cb6100\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31ed8bb\" data-id=\"31ed8bb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9138db1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9138db1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Women and Work: A Gendered Analysis of Unpaid Labour and Low FLFPR in India\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f9a373 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3f9a373\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Disha Trivedi<br>\nVolume 3, Issue 3 <br>\n1 November 2023<br>\nPage No.: 4167-4178\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90b15a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"90b15a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<meta name=\"citation_title\" content=\"Women and Work: A Gendered Analysis of Unpaid Labour and Low FLFPR in India\n\">\n<meta name=\"citation_author\" content=\"Disha Trivedi\">\n<meta name=\"citation_publication_date\" content=\"2023\/11\/01\">\n<meta name=\"citation_journal_title\" content=\"International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law\">\n<meta name=\"citation_volume\" content=\u201c03\u201d>\n<meta name=\"citation_issue\" content=\u201c03\u201d>\n<meta name=\"citation_firstpage\" content=\"4167\">\n<meta name=\"citation_lastpage\" content=\"4178\">\n<meta name=\"citation_pdf_url\" content=\u201chttp:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Women-and-Work-A-Gendered-Analysis-of-Unpaid-Labour-and-Low-FLFPR-in-India_Disha-Trivedi.pdf\u201d>\n<meta name=\"citation_issn\" content=\"2582-9203\">\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dca7ba elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"7dca7ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1311\"><a href=\"\">Abstract<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1312\"><a href=\"\">Authors<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1313\"><a href=\"\">References <\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1314\"><a href=\"\">Cite<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1315\"><a href=\"\">Full Text PDF<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1311\"><p class=\"p1\">The most recent Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) data released by the National Statistical Office of India for 2021-22, shows that the labour force participation rate for women stands at less than 25%, which is even lower than what it used to be 30 years ago. The counter-intuitive phenomenon of women working less, even amid increasing secondary education rates for women and the overall economic development of the country, is puzzling. This paper argues that unpaid domestic and care services breed gender inequality which spills into labour outcomes for women. To support the hypothesis, data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank is descriptively analysed along with the Time Use Survey conducted in Indian households in 2019. The Time Use survey found that women spend a disproportionate amount of time engaged in unpaid labour in the household, performing activities such as cooking, cleaning, and childhood and elderly care; while men spend less than half the time doing the same. This results in a marked time of poverty. Domestic and care work received by families through women\u2019s unpaid labour subsidizes the cost of the same for the household, and yet it robs them of financial independence. The paper also reconciles falling participation rates with economic development and discusses possible explanations. Showing that social norms are a major hindrance to women\u2019s employment, the concluding section of the paper calls for a gender equitable redistribution of care and household work; and public investment in the care economy, to improve labour force participation rates for women in India<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1312\"><b>Disha Trivedi<\/b><br>\nB.A. Hons. Economics, Lady Shri Ram College For Women, University of Delhi<br>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\">References <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1313\"><p class=\"p1\">[1] Addati, L., Cattaneo, U., &amp; Pozzan, E. (2022). <i>Care at work: Investing in care leave and services for a more gender equal world of work.<\/i> International Labour Office.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[2] Afridi, F., Bishnu, M., &amp; Mahajan, K. (2021). Gendering Technological Change: Evidence from Agricultural Mechanization.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[3] Charmes, J. (2019). <i>The Unpaid Care Work and the Labour Market: An analysis of time use data based on the latest World Compilation of Time-use Surveys.<\/i> International Labour Organization.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[4] Chaudhary, R., &amp; Verick, S. (2014). <i>Female labour force participation.<\/i> International Labour Organization.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[5] Chopra, D., &amp; Krishnan, M. (2022). <i>How to Invest in the Care Economy: A Primer.<\/i> United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[6] Ferrant, G., Pesando , L. M., &amp; Nowacka, K. (2014). <i>Unpaid Care Work: The missing link in the analysis of gender gaps in labour outcomes.<\/i> OECD Development Centre.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[7] Goldin, C. (1995). The U-Shaped Female Labor Force Function in Economic Development and Economic History. In T. Schlutz, <i>Investment in Women\u2019s Human Capital and Economic Development<\/i> (pp. 61-90). University of Chicago Press.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[8] International Labour Organization. (2023, June 26). <i>Employment in agriculture, female<\/i>. Retrieved from World Bank: <a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SL.AGR.EMPL.FE.ZS?locations=IN\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SL.AGR.EMPL.FE.ZS?locations=IN<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p1\">[9] Kapsos, S., Silberman, A., &amp; Bourmpouloa, E. (2014). <i>Why is female labour force participation declining so sharply in India?<\/i> Geneva: International Labour Office.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[10] Lama, T. C. (2021). Urbanisation and Female Labour Force Participation rate in India.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[11] National Sample Survey Office. (2012). <i>Employment and Unemployment Situation Among Social Groups in India.<\/i> Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[12] National Sample Survey Office. (2022). <i>Periodic Labour Force Survey.<\/i> Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[13] National Statistical Office. (2020). <i>Time Use in India &#8211; 2019.<\/i> Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[14] Singh, A., &amp; Garces-Ozanne, A. (2017). Revisiting The Decline In India\u2019s Female Labour Force Participation: The Rise Of Machines And Security Risks.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>University of Otago.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[15] State Bank of India. (2023). <i>ECOWRAP.<\/i> State Bank of India.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[16] UN Women and International Labour Organization. (2021). <i>A Guide to Public Investments in the Care Economy: Policy Support Tool for Estimating Care Deficits, Investment Costs and Economic Returns.<\/i> UN Women and International Labour Organization.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">[17] UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2023, July 26). <i>School enrollment, secondary, female (% gross) &#8211; India<\/i>. Retrieved from World Bank data: <a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SE.SEC.ENRR.FE?locations=IN\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SE.SEC.ENRR.FE?locations=IN<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p1\">[18] World Bank. (2018). <i>India Development Update &#8211; India&#8217;s Growth Story.<\/i> New Delhi: The World Bank.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1314\"><p class=\"p1\">Trivedi D. (2023). Women and Work: A Gendered Analysis of Unpaid Labour and Low FLFPR in India.\u00a0International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law,\u00a03(3), 4167-4178.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Women-and-Work-A-Gendered-Analysis-of-Unpaid-Labour-and-Low-FLFPR-in-India.pdf\">http:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Women-and-Work-A-Gendered-Analysis-of-Unpaid-Labour-and-Low-FLFPR-in-India.pdf<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1315\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Women-and-Work-A-Gendered-Analysis-of-Unpaid-Labour-and-Low-FLFPR-in-India.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img 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data-id=\"2ff7c12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b392235\" data-id=\"b392235\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1219631 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-ipw\" data-id=\"1219631\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-ipw.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div data-post-id=\"4843\" class=\"insert-page insert-page-4843 \">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4843\" class=\"elementor elementor-4843\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2cb6100 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2cb6100\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31ed8bb\" data-id=\"31ed8bb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9138db1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9138db1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Beyond Decision-Making: Unveiling the Transformative Role of Participatory Planning Tools for Community Empowerment\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f9a373 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3f9a373\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nishtha Kashyap<br>\nVolume 3, Issue 3 <br>\n3 December 2023<br>\nPage No.: 4179-4206<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90b15a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"90b15a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<meta name=\"citation_title\" content=\"Beyond Decision-Making: Unveiling the Transformative Role of Participatory Planning Tools for Community Empowerment\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_author\" content=\"Nishtha Kashyap\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_publication_date\" content=\"2023\/12\/03\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_journal_title\" content=\"International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_volume\" content=\u201c03\u201d>\r\n<meta name=\"citation_issue\" content=\u201c03\u201d>\r\n<meta name=\"citation_firstpage\" content=\"4179\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_lastpage\" content=\"4206\">\r\n<meta name=\"citation_pdf_url\" content=\u201chttp:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Beyond-Decision-Making-Unveiling-the-Transformative-Role-of-Participatory-Planning-Tools-for-Community-Empowerment_Nishtha-Kashyap.pdf\u201d>\r\n<meta name=\"citation_issn\" content=\"2582-9203\">\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dca7ba elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"7dca7ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1311\"><a href=\"\">Abstract<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1312\"><a href=\"\">Authors<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1313\"><a href=\"\">References <\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1314\"><a href=\"\">Cite<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1315\"><a href=\"\">Full Text PDF<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1311\"><p class=\"p1\">Community engagement can be considered as a \u201cpurposeful process which develops a working relationship between communities, community organizations and public and private bodies to help them to identify and act on community needs and ambitions\u201d (Geekiyanage et al., 2020). This process is very important as it allows one to have a bottom-up approach rather than a top-down one and through this, one can actually identify the needs of the communities and the interventions that will work for them. Many community engagement sessions are done by including representatives from the community along with other stakeholders in the decision-making process leading to a participatory process. Some argue that the degree to which the recipients of a decision are involved in making the decision is the degree to which the decision will be accepted by the public. Conversely, the degree to which the decision-makers are involved in the citizen process is the degree to which the conclusions will be implemented with ease and speed. The greater the range of alternative futures considered in the process, the more likely it is that the conclusions will have a positive and lasting impact. Hence, the purpose of participatory processes is to improve decision-making. Such processes can also educate participants and build consensus for action (Glenn, 2003).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1312\"><b>Nishtha Kashyap<\/b><br>\nB. Architecture, University School of Architecture and Planning, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University<br><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\">References <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1313\"><p class=\"p2\">[1] Aboelata, M. J., Ersoylu, L., &amp; Cohen, L. (2011). Community Engagement in Design and Planning. <i>Making Healthy Places<\/i>, 287\u2013302. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5822\/978-1-61091-036-1_19\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5822\/978-1-61091-036-1_19<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[2] Bada, X. (2011). Participatory Planning Across Borders: Mexican Migrant Civic Engagement in Community Development. <i>The Latin Americanist<\/i>, <i>55<\/i>(4), 9\u201333. <a href=\"https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/pub\/12\/article\/706531\/su\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/pub\/12\/article\/706531\/summary<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[3] Campaign, M. B. D. (n.d.). <i>Mai Bhi Dilli Campaign<\/i>. Mainbhidilli. Retrieved October 28, 2023, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mainbhidilli.com\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.mainbhidilli.com<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[4] Centre for Policy Research, C. of D. (2014). Regularising delhi\u2019s unauthorised colonies. In <i>Centre for Policy Research India<\/i> (pp. 1\u20133). <a href=\"https:\/\/cprindia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Regularising-Delhis-UACs.pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/cprindia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Regularising-Delhis-UACs.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[5] Centre for Policy Research, C. of D. (2015). Categorisation of settlement in delhi. In <i>Centre for Policy Research India <\/i>(p. 4). <a href=\"https:\/\/cprindia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Categorisation-of-Settlement-\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/cprindia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Categorisation-of-Settlement-in-Delhi.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[6] Cilliers, E. J., &amp; Timmermans, W. (2014). The Importance of Creative Participatory Planning in the Public Place-Making Process. <i>Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design<\/i>, <i>41<\/i>(3), 413\u2013429. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1068\/b39098\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1068\/b39098<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[7] Cornish, F., Nancy Nyutsem Breton, Ulises Moreno-Tabarez, Delgado, J., Rua, M., Ama de-Graft Aikins, &amp; Hodgetts, D. (2023). Participatory action research. <i>Participatory Action Research<\/i>, <i>3<\/i>(1). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43586-023-00214-1\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43586-023-00214-1<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[8] Foutz, K. (1993). Local government use of citizen participation: the impact of form of government and population size. <a href=\"https:\/\/digital.library.txst.edu\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/f5b96304-e518-487b-b124-d5369bc4e22d\/content\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/digital.library.txst.edu\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/f5b96304-e518-487b-b124-d5369bc4e22d\/content<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[9] Fraser, E. D. G., Dougill, A. J., Mabee, W. E., Reed, M., &amp; McAlpine, P. (2006). Bottom up and top down: Analysis of participatory processes for sustainability indicator identification as a pathway to community empowerment and sustainable environmental management. <i>Journal of Environmental Management<\/i>, <i>78<\/i>(2), 114\u2013127. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2005.04.009\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2005.04.009<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[10] Freudenburg, W. R., &amp; Olsen, D. (1983). Public Interest and Political Abuse: Public Participation in Social Impact Assessment. <i>Journal of the Community Development Society<\/i>, <i>14<\/i>(2), 67\u201382. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00103829.1983.12069105\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00103829.1983.12069105<\/span><\/a><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[11] Geekiyanage, D., Fernando, T., &amp; Keraminiyage, K. (2020). Assessing the state of the art in community engagement for participatory decision-making in disaster risk-sensitive urban development. <i>International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction<\/i>, <i>51<\/i>, 101847. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2020.101847\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2020.101847<\/span><\/a><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[12] Glass, J. J. (1979). Citizen Participation in Planning: The Relationship Between Objectives and Techniques. <i>Journal of the American Planning Association<\/i>, <i>45<\/i>(2), 180\u2013189. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01944367908976956\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01944367908976956<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[13] Head, B. W. (2007). Community Engagement: Participation on Whose Terms? <i>Australian Journal of Political Science<\/i>, <i>42<\/i>(3), 441\u2013454. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10361140701513570\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10361140701513570<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\"><i>[14] Home | AIWASI-CDP<\/i>. (2021). AIWASI-CDP. <a href=\"https:\/\/aiwasi-cdp.wricitiesindia.org\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/aiwasi-cdp.wricitiesindia.org<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[15] Innes, J. E., &amp; Booher, D. E. (2004). Reframing public participation: strategies for the 21st century. <i>Planning Theory &amp; Practice<\/i>, <i>5<\/i>(4), 419\u2013436. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1464935042000293170\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1464935042000293170<\/span><\/a><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">[16] Jerome, G. (2003, January). <i>Participatory methods<\/i>. ResearchGate. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/242703610_Participatory_metho\"><span class=\"s3\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/242703610_Participatory_methods<\/span><\/a><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">[17] Kanyamuna, V., &amp; Zulu, K. (2021). Participatory Research Methods: Importance and Limitations of Participation in Development Practice. <i>World Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities<\/i>, <i>8<\/i>, 13. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Kangacepe-Zulu\/publication\/358426110_Participatory_Research_Methods_Importance_and_Limitations_of_Participation_in_Development_Practice\/links\/62024b5\"><span class=\"s3\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Kangacepe-Zulu\/publication\/358426110_Participatory_Research_Methods_Importance_and_Limitations_of_Participation_in_Development_Practice\/links\/62024b52533bf40c403e96fd\/Participatory-Research-Methods-Importance-and-Limitations-of-Participation-in-Development-Practice.pdf<\/span><\/a><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[18] Kathlene, L., &amp; Martin, J. A. (1991). Enhancing Citizen Participation: Panel Designs, Perspectives, and Policy Formation. <i>Journal of Policy Analysis and Management<\/i>, <i>10<\/i>(1), 46. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3325512\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3325512<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">[19] Livemint. (2021, November 29). <i>Delhi: NDMC to supply 20,000 L free water to residential societies every month<\/i>. Mint. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/news\/india\/delhi-ndmc-approves-extension-of-free-water-supply-up-to-20kl-to-residential-societies-11638153135185.html\"><span class=\"s3\">https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/news\/india\/delhi-ndmc-approves-extension-of-free-water-supply-up-to-20kl-to-residential-societies-11638153135185.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\"><i>[20] Mahila Housing Trust<\/i>. (n.d.). Mahila Housing Trust . <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mahilahousingtrust.org\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.mahilahousingtrust.org<\/span><\/a><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[21] Plein, L. Christopher., Green, K. E., &amp; Williams, D. G. (1998). Organic planning: A new approach to public participation in local governance. <i>The Social Science Journal<\/i>, <i>35<\/i>(4), 509\u2013523. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0362-3319(98)90023-4\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0362-3319(98)90023-4<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[22] Renn, O., Webler, T., Rakel, H., Dienel, P., &amp; Johnson, B. (1993). Public participation in decision making: A three-step procedure. <i>Policy Sciences<\/i>, <i>26<\/i>(3), 189\u2013214. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00999716\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00999716<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[23] Selznick, P. (1953). TVA and the Grass Roots: A Study in the Sociology of Formal Organization. In <i>Google Books<\/i>. University of California Press. <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books\/about\/TVA_and_the_Grass_Roots.html?id=Mym5Y\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books\/about\/TVA_and_the_Grass_Roots.html?id=Mym5Ycgamo8C&amp;redir_esc=y<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[24] Shahdadpuri, A. (2021). Who Is the Master; What Is the Plan? Deconstructing Master Planning: A case study from Delhi\u2019s civic campaign \u201cMain Bhi Dilli.\u201d <i>Conscious Urbanism<\/i>, <i>1<\/i>(1), 14\u201322. <a href=\"https:\/\/jpad.copalpublishing.com\/index.php\/cu\/article\/view\/2\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/jpad.copalpublishing.com\/index.php\/cu\/article\/view\/2<\/span><\/a><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[25] Scheelbeek, P. F. D., Hamza, Y. A., Schellenberg, J., &amp; Hill, Z. (2020). Improving the use of focus group discussions in low income settings. <i>BMC Medical Research Methodology<\/i>, <i>20<\/i>(1). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-020-01168-8\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-020-01168-8<\/span><\/a><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[26] Sinha, S., Narayan, M., &amp; Majithia, A. (2022). <i>Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing Key Points<\/i>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiego.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/file\/Policy%20Brief%2028%20Delhi.pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.wiego.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/file\/Policy%20Brief%2028%20Delhi.pdf<\/span><\/a><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[27] World Population Review. (2021). <i>Delhi Population 2020 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)<\/i>. Worldpopulationreview.com. <a href=\"https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.c\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/world-cities\/delhi-population<\/span><\/a><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\">[28] Yet, M., Manuel, P., DeVidi, M., &amp; MacDonald, B. H. (2022). Learning from Experience: Lessons from Community-based Engagement for Improving Participatory Marine Spatial Planning. <i>Planning Practice &amp; Research<\/i>, <i>37<\/i>(2), 189\u2013212. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02697459.2021.2017101\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02697459.2021.2017101<\/span><\/a><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1314\"><p class=\"p1\">Kashyap N. (2023). Beyond Decision-Making: Unveiling the Transformative Role of Participatory Planning Tools for Community Empowerment.\u00a0International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law,\u00a03(3), 4179-4206.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Beyond-Decision-Making-Unveiling-the-Transformative-Role-of-Participatory-Planning-Tools-for-Community-Empowerment_Nishtha-Kashyap.pdf\">http:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Beyond-Decision-Making-Unveiling-the-Transformative-Role-of-Participatory-Planning-Tools-for-Community-Empowerment_Nishtha-Kashyap.pdf<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1315\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Beyond-Decision-Making-Unveiling-the-Transformative-Role-of-Participatory-Planning-Tools-for-Community-Empowerment_Nishtha-Kashyap.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-373\" src=\"http:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/clipart360030-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"82\" height=\"82\" \/><\/a><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ijpsl.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Beyond-Decision-Making-Unveiling-the-Transformative-Role-of-Participatory-Planning-Tools-for-Community-Empowerment_Nishtha-Kashyap.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>VOLUME 3 &#8211; ISSUE 3 Disclaimer Neither International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law (IJPSL) nor its editors, publishers, owners or anyone else involved in creating, producing or delivering International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law (IJPSL) or the materials contained therein, assumes any liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ijpsl.in\/index.php\/volume-3-issue-3\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Volume 3 &#8211;  Issue 3<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/template-pagebuilder-full-width.php","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"neve_meta_sidebar":"full-width","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"on","neve_meta_content_width":100,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Volume 3 - Issue 3 - IJPSL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law (IJPSL) is an international, open-accessed, online quarterly peer-reviewed journal under the aegis of Project uP is an inclusive platform for all scholars and academicians across the globe. 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Our journal accepts research papers, review and commentary papers, blogs, essays and articles related to the fields of law, politics, international affairs, intersectionality, economics, politics, governance and other related principles. IJPSL accepts live publications throughout the year. 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